https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45115 Wed 26 Oct 2022 13:33:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35503 Wed 19 Aug 2020 11:21:51 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47194 Canis lupus; Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx; red fox, Vulpes vulpes) using travel routes in Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia. Humans were diurnal, foxes nocturnal and large carnivores active during the night, immediately after sunrise and before sunset. Carnivore activity patterns overlapped greatly and to a similar extent for all pairings. Activity curves followed expectations based on interspecific killing, with activity peaks coinciding where body size differences were small (wolf and lynx) but not when they were intermediate (foxes to large carnivores). Carnivore activity, particularly fox, overlapped much less with that of diurnal humans. Foxes responded to higher large carnivore activity by being more nocturnal. Low light levels likely provide safer conditions by reducing the visual detectability of mesopredators. The nocturnal effect of large carnivores was however moderated and reduced by human activity. This could perhaps be due to temporal shielding or interference with risk cues. Subtle temporal avoidance and nocturnality may enable mesopredators to cope with interspecific aggression at shared spatial resources. Higher human activity moderated the effects of top-down temporal suppression which could consequently affect the trophic interactions of mesopredators.]]> Wed 14 Dec 2022 16:09:38 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53730 Wed 10 Jan 2024 11:24:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48897 15 kg) carnivores, namely lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), spotted (Crocuta crocuta) and brown hyaenas (Parahyaena brunnea), have been reintroduced to 16 private- and state-owned reserves in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Objectives behind these reintroductions ranged from ecotourism, ecological restoration, to species conservation. We reassessed the reintroductions' objectives and updated their outcomes a decade after the initial assessment. Ecotourism and ecological restoration were the most common objectives for the reintroduction of top predators to these reserves. With one exception, these reintroductions were successful in meeting their specific objectives, as only African wild dogs have failed to re-establish in the province. Assessments for leopards and brown hyaenas were inconclusive due to a lack of monitoring data. Causes of objective- and species-specific failures in some reserves included founding same-sex populations, lack of breeding events and changes in reserve management objectives. Long-term monitoring is essential in managing and assessing the success of conservation actions, including reintroductions of threatened species. Our review demonstrates this by highlighting changed outcomes for populations and identifying new challenges that have arisen in the landscape. In the modern parlance of conservation marketing, the multi-species reintroductions that occurred within the Eastern Cape represent successful rewilding within the province.]]> Wed 07 Feb 2024 16:36:35 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51274 Wed 07 Feb 2024 14:40:55 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48998 Wed 03 May 2023 12:03:00 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36347 Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7, No. 374.]]> Wed 01 Apr 2020 15:00:30 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51156 90 ships per year). Shipping exposure significantly increased from 2018 despite the pandemic, including within marine parks.Conclusions: These results highlight the wide-scale footprint of commercial shipping on marine ecosystems that may be increasing in intensity over time.Implications: Consideration should be made for assessing and potentially limiting shipping impacts along migration routes and within marine parks.]]> Tue 29 Aug 2023 10:19:21 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43673 how ecologists use niche concepts in their writing, aiming at clarifying communication on what is being studied. To assess if modern ecological theories are coherent in their usage of the niche concept, we surveyed a sample of three research areas: ecological niche modeling, coexistence between species and meta-communities. We found that research agendas are segregated when it comes to rhetoric about niches. Ecologists have long tried to achieve a truly unifying biodiversity theory, or at least a universal definition of niche. We, however, move in the opposite direction and suggest that the niche concept should be dismembered into its key components, highlighting which elements of the concept are being addressed and analyzed. Explicitly stating to which niche concept a study is referring may enhance communication among researchers from different backgrounds and perhaps alleviate this century-old dilemma.]]> Tue 27 Sep 2022 15:21:59 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52011 Tue 26 Sep 2023 11:36:40 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50407 Tue 25 Jul 2023 17:23:12 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35505 Tue 25 Jul 2023 09:29:43 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49591 Tue 23 May 2023 11:07:09 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38871 Tue 22 Feb 2022 15:47:25 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48525 Loxodonta africana) in the Borderland region between Kenya and Tanzania. Results: The results of this study confirm that the resistance-based connectivity model is a valid approach for predicting movement corridors for the African elephant. We show that high connectivity values are a strong predictor of the presence of large numbers of the elephants across the years. The probability of observing elephants increased with increasing connectivity values, while accounting for seasonality is an important factor for accurately predicting movements from connectivity models. Conclusion: Movement corridors derived from resistance-based connectivity models have a strong predictive power and can be successfully used in spatial conservation prioritization.]]> Tue 21 Mar 2023 13:31:40 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52365 Tue 10 Oct 2023 14:32:44 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39289 Tue 09 Aug 2022 14:13:20 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36801 Tue 07 Jul 2020 09:41:42 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45871 Tue 06 Dec 2022 10:12:23 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47274 Thu 23 Mar 2023 14:01:02 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36893 40% (or about 30 kg per carcass per lion). Lions killed significantly more cattle in nonfortified enclosures than in the veldt, although this was influenced by surplus killing. Our results suggest that cattle predation by lions is driven by availability and cavalier husbandry practices, coupled with morphological features associated with facilitating easy husbandry. Cattle no longer exhibit the key features that enabled their ancestors to coexist with large predators and are now reliant upon humans to perform critical antipredator activities. Hence, the responsibility for mitigating human–wildlife conflict involving lions and cattle lies with people in either breeding traits that minimise predation or adequately protecting their cattle.]]> Thu 21 Oct 2021 12:52:41 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49009 Thu 20 Jul 2023 15:02:29 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53645 Thu 14 Dec 2023 09:54:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53642 Thu 14 Dec 2023 09:39:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38798 Thu 03 Feb 2022 14:20:31 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52818 Mon 30 Oct 2023 08:51:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38314 Mon 30 Aug 2021 12:01:45 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50374 Mon 24 Jul 2023 11:52:50 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46140 Panthera pardus is the last free-roaming large carnivore in the Western Cape province, South Africa. During 2011–2015, we carried out a camera-trap survey across three regions covering c. 30,000 km² of the Western Cape. Our survey comprised 151 camera sites sampling nearly 14,000 camera-trap nights, resulting in the identification of 71 individuals. We used two spatially explicit capture–recapture methods (R programmes secr and SPACECAP) to provide a comprehensive density analysis capable of incorporating environmental and anthropogenic factors. Leopard density was estimated to be 0.35 and 1.18 leopards/100 km², using secr and SPACECAP, respectively. Leopard population size was predicted to be 102–345 individuals for our three study regions. With these estimates and the predicted available leopard habitat for the province, we extrapolated that the Western Cape supports an estimated 175–588 individuals. Providing a comprehensive baseline population density estimate is critical to understanding population dynamics across a mixed landscape and helping to determine the most appropriate conservation actions. Spatially explicit capture–recapture methods are unbiased by edge effects and superior to traditional capture–mark–recapture methods when estimating animal densities. We therefore recommend further utilization of robust spatial methods as they continue to be advanced.]]> Mon 21 Nov 2022 15:43:44 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52499 Mon 16 Oct 2023 09:27:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41865 Martes martes) across Great Britain declined dramatically during the 18th and 19th centuries due to deforestation and human-wildlife conflicts. Pine marten recovery from their northern Scottish stronghold is limited following reintroduction in Galloway Forest District, south-west Scotland, in the 1980s. With suggestions that martens have influenced red squirrel population increases in neighbouring Ireland, marten reintroduction efforts are a priority in Great Britain. Reintroduction requires establishment of recruiting populations that depend on suitable food availability to meet the associated higher energy demands of recruitment. We, therefore, investigated the diet of reproductive denning female martens during denning (March–April), and the mixed sex population in summer for the first time in Galloway. Scats (n = 114) were analysed from clumps collected from occupied artificial den boxes in 2015 and 2016, as well as genetically verified scats (n = 44) from summer transects in 2014. We compared our results with other Scottish studies and found that carrion frequency of occurrence and biomass of prey ingested differed most significantly between the regional mixed sex spring diets and the diet of denning females in Galloway. Anurans, birds, and small mammals were the likely substitution of carrion; we hypothesise that these differences are related to sex-specific behaviours and scavenging risk. We, therefore, suggest that there are differences in the diet of denning female martens compared to mixed sex spring populations and that future translocations should consider abundances of anurans in Galloway, and even more importantly than before, small mammals and birds across Great Britain.]]> Mon 15 Aug 2022 09:42:18 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48231 Mon 08 May 2023 10:21:10 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54103 Mon 05 Feb 2024 09:35:21 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38518 Mon 04 Sep 2023 12:00:46 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41219 Fri 29 Jul 2022 09:46:33 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53865 Fri 19 Jan 2024 12:32:01 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50809 Fri 18 Aug 2023 11:23:20 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37358 Fri 16 Oct 2020 10:23:21 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53663 Fri 15 Dec 2023 11:06:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47350 Fri 13 Jan 2023 13:12:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35504 Fri 12 May 2023 09:20:46 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41767 Fri 12 Aug 2022 11:49:24 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41766 Fri 12 Aug 2022 11:49:19 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49095 Fri 05 May 2023 08:51:20 AEST ]]>